The mode of action of labeled pecan insecticides is identified by its IRAC number or group number as listed on the label. Therefore, rotating insecticides with different modes of action is a good resistance management tactic. It is difficult for an insect to develop resistance to two insecticides that have different modes of action. The development of insecticide resistance can be managed by using them only when necessary and rotating their use with other pesticides with different modes of action. Insecticides are classified according to their modes of action, or the ways they kill insect pests. As a result, the insecticide is no longer effective. Each time the insecticide is applied, the proportion of resistant insects in the population increases. These resistant insects survive and pass on their genes for resistance to their offspring. The frequent use of some insecticides can cause some insect pests to become resistant, especially aphids. Pyrethroids used in orchards where mite or aphid outbreaks have occurred following their use may exacerbate problems with those same pests. If these products are used, limit their use to control late-season pests. Outbreaks may result from the destruction of natural enemies that were holding these secondary pests in check. Choose insecticides and application rates carefully according to their effectiveness, the hazard they pose to the applicator and their impact on beneficial insects.Īpplication of insecticides classified as pyrethroids, carbamates, and organophosphates may be followed by outbreaks of aphids, other insects, or spider mites. Do not add insecticides to fungicide or zinc sprays unless it has been determined that an insect pest has or will exceed a treatment threshold. Base the decision to apply an insecticide on established treatment thresh-olds of insect density or damage, as determined by systematically conducted orchard surveys. Insecticides are important in managing pecan pests, but they should be used wisely and only when needed to prevent economic loss. Biological control – recognizing and protecting, when possible, natural enemies that suppress pest populations.Chemical control – using insecticides only when pest densities exceed economically damaging levels and, when available, selecting effective insecticides that have the least impact on natural enemies and non-target organisms and.Host plant resistance – selecting pecan varieties that are well adapted and, when available, have genetic resistance to pests.Cultural control – such as destroying crop residues where some pests overwinter.It uses the most compatible and ecologically sound combination of pest suppression techniques available to sustain profitability. “Integrated Pest Management,” or IPM, is a philosophy used to design pest control programs. Overuse of insecticides can negatively impact human health and the environment.Result in secondary pest outbreaks and.Reduce populations of beneficial insects that keep pests in check.Increase the risk that pests will develop resistance to pesticides.However, applying pesticides according to a schedule can: This effective, relatively inexpensive approach paired well with a preventive fungicide and zinc spray program. For many years, growers minimized pest damage to pecans by spraying pesticides on a regular schedule based on crop development.
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